Omega-3 fatty acids have been used in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease, although current evidence suggests they may be of limited benefit. Peripheral arterial disease and coronary artery disease share a similar pathogenesis
The Cochrane Review had 15 RCTs (1830 participants) comparing omega-3 fatty acid supplementation with placebo or alternative therapies. The follow- up was four weeks to six years.
The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of omega-3 fatty acids in people with intermittent claudication on quality of life, walking distance (pain-free or maximal), ankle-brachial index, and the incidence of revascularisation procedures or frequency of amputation in the lower limb. The evidence suggests that omega-3 results in little to no difference in adverse events.
Meta-analyses showed no differences between intervention and placebo groups for cholesterol, triglycerides, or blood pressure.
Further high-quality research is needed to fully evaluate short and long-term effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the most clinically relevant outcomes in people with intermittent claudication.
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